if an Object is continuously changing its position with respect to a point, then the object is said to be in motion. Some
detinitions related to motion are given below
Distance
The length of the actual path travelled by an object during motion in a given interval of time is called the Distance travelled by the obiect. It is a scalar quantity,
i.e. it does not depend on direction.
Displacement
The shortest distance between the initial and final Positions of any object during its motion is called the displacement of the object. It is a vector quantity i.e. it
depends on direction.
Speed
The distance travelled by the object per unit time is called the speed of the object.
Speed=Distance travelled/Time taken
Types of speed are given below
(i) Uniform Speed An object is said to be moving with a uniform speed, if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
(ii) Non-uniform Speed An object is said to be moving with a non-uniform or variable speed, if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time or
unequal distances in equal intervals of time.
(iii) Average Speed The ratio of the total distance travelled by the object to the total time taken is called the average speed of the object.
Average speed = Total distance travelled /Total time taken
S1+S2+S3+.../ t1+t2+t3 +...
Where S1, S2, S3 ..... are the distances travelled by the object with speed v1, V2, V3... respectively.
(a) If an object travels equal distances with speeds V1and V2, then
average speed= 2v1v2 / v1v2
(b) If an object covers first one-third distance with speed a, other one-third distance with speed b and last one-third distance with speed c, then
average speed = 3abc / ab+bc+Ca
(iv) Instantaneous Speed When an object is travelling with variable speed, then its speed at a given instant of time is called as instantaneous speed of
the object.
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